微喷灌溉在山区农业园区的应用研究

对农业休闲园区内进行微喷灌溉设计、施工和应用效果检验,介绍了山区丘陵地形应用微喷高效节水灌溉的设计参数、施工措施和应注意的问题,为发展山区微喷灌溉、服务农业园区提供参考。     

Evaluation of Associative Effect of Whole Corn Silage and Millet Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This research adopted fermentation gas production method in vitro to evaluate the associative effect of whole corn silage (WCS) and millet straw (MS).The WCS was mixed with MS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50, 40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group.The gas production,pH,ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), microbial crude protein (MCP) and dry matter loss (DML) for 24,48 and 72 h of varying forage combinations were analyzed.Single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) of different combinations were calculated. The results showed as follows:There were significant differences of gas production among different combinations (P<0.05),and the best combination was the WCS80 group. With creasing of the content of MS,DML decreased,but the DML of WCS80 and WCS100 were similar (P>0.05). The MCP concentration of WCS100 and WCS80 was extremely significantly or significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05;P<0.01). The VFA concentration showed significant differences among different combinations (P<0.05).Among the different combinations of WCS and MS,the MFAEI of WCS80 was the largest,and that were 0.5517,0.5094 and 0.9860 at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively. The best combination of WCS and MS was 80:20.     

Effect of Fermented Chinese Medicine Preparation by Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance,Biochemical Indices,Antioxidant Parameters and Ability of Anti-infection of Common Carp

The objective of this study was to evaluate of the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and ability of anti-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila by adding the fermented Chinese medicine by Bacillus Subtilis to the carp fish feed, and to find out the appropriate supplemental level of fermented Chinese medicine in diets. Carp fingerling with an initial body weight of (35±0.5) g were set up to 6 experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.1‰, 0.5‰, 1‰, 2‰ and 3‰ fermented Chinese medicine for 56 days, respectively. Each group had 30 fish and set up 3 repetitions. After the feeding trail,the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to calculate the relative percentage survival (RPS).The results showed as follows:Supplementing fermented traditional Chinese medicine by Bacillus subtilis, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), the activities of lysozyme (LSZ), complement 3 (C3),total protein (TP),total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC),total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum of common carp were enhanced at different degrees, while the feed coefficient (FCR)and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were declined at different degrees.When the fermented Chinese medicine supplemental levels were 2‰ and 3‰,the effects were significant (P<0.05)(except for C3, ALP and Cr).The experimental results of the virulence of common carp infected with pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila showed that,the fermented herbal could obviously improve the ability of anti-infection, the immune protective rate of the group with 2‰, 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine could reach 77.23% and 74.63%, respectively. From what had been discussed above, the group with 2‰ and 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine had significant effect on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila anti-infection ability. Considering the cost of adding fermented Chinese medicine, the recommendations for the best additive quantity was 2‰.     

球墨铸铁深松铲尖磨损试验分析

通过对比球墨铸铁与进口铲尖在相同时间、相同工作量下的失重量,探究了两种材质的耐磨性能,验证了球墨铸铁铲尖作为铸钢铲尖替代品的可能性。在相同工作量时,球墨铸铁的耐磨性能与进口铲尖一致。深松技术能提高土壤蓄水保墒的能力,球墨铸铁铲尖作为进口铲尖的替代品,同样能达到深松的效果,使土壤的容重降低并提高土壤的蓄水保墒能力。根据数据显示,深松前土壤含水率为14.29%,深松后土壤含水率为15.30%,深松后土壤平均含水率提高1%,深松前土壤容重为1.92g/cm~3,深松后土壤容重为1.35g/cm~3,深松后土壤容重降低0.57g/cm~3,有利于农作物的生长。     

不同老化处理对蒲公英种子以及幼苗质量的影响

探讨不同老化处理方式对药用蒲公英种子质量、幼苗形态以及生理生化等方面的影响.结果表明:1)贮藏11个月以上的种子,活力全部丧失;随着老化处理时间的延长,种子发芽率不断降低,但对种子发芽势影响不同;2)甲醇老化处理之后的幼苗长势最佳,高温高湿老化处理的幼苗长势次之,正常发育的幼苗长势最差;3)正常发育的蒲公英幼苗可溶性糖含量最高;随老化时间递增,高温高湿处理的可溶性糖含量逐渐减少,甲醇处理的可溶性糖含量逐渐增加;甲醇老化处理1.5h的幼苗叶绿素总量最高,与其它处理达到显著性差异,随老化时间延长,叶绿素总量均呈上升趋势;甲醇老化处理1.5h幼苗,其过氧化氢酶活性最大,约为正常处理幼苗的10.2倍,随老化时间延长,甲醇处理的过氧化氢酶活性经历了一个骤降又骤增的过程;高温高湿处理的过氧化氢酶活性则逐渐降低.     

稻瘟病胁迫下水稻叶片叶绿素含量与光谱特征参数的相关性研究

为实现受稻瘟病侵染水稻叶片叶绿素含量的高光谱反演,以‘陵两优268’为研究对象,测定受稻瘟病侵染的85个水稻叶片样品的叶绿素含量和高光谱反射率,分析受稻瘟病侵染的水稻叶片高光谱反射率与叶绿素含量间的相关关系,使用线性与非线性回归技术建立叶绿素含量反演模型。结果显示:叶绿素含量与原始光谱及一阶导数光谱的敏感波段分别发生在700 nm和752 nm,基于光谱特征参数SDr的回归模型均方根误差为1.27,平均相对误差为10.2%。研究表明受稻瘟病侵染水稻叶片光谱反射率差异明显,基于光谱特征参数SDr的回归模型预测叶绿素含量具有较高的精度。     

测墒补灌深度对济麦22冠层光截获和荧光特性及籽粒产量的影响

测墒补灌是近年开发的一种小麦节水栽培新技术,水分管理的土层深度是该技术的关键因素之一。本研究以济麦22为试验品种,于2013—2014和2014—2015年度在山东兖州进行大田试验,设置4个测墒补灌土层深度,补灌至目标土层拔节期相对含水量70%和开花期相对含水量75%,以定量灌溉(拔节期和开花期各灌水60 mm)和全生育期不灌水处理为对照,通过测定花后0~30 d灌浆阶段小麦冠层光截获特性、群体光合速率、旗叶荧光特性,以及最终籽粒产量和水分利用效率,以明确测墒补灌达到增产的光合基础及最佳土层。当补灌土层为0~20 cm时,灌水量为50.1~51.2 mm,小麦叶面积指数、冠层光合有效辐射截获量、冠层光截获率和群体光合速率,以及旗叶实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)在各灌水处理中最低;补灌土层为0~40 cm时,灌水量为73.1~93.1 mm,上述前4项指标比补灌深度20 cm时依次提高6.0%~42.4%、8.5%~27.9%、6.7%~14.5%、11.0%~14.6%,同时旗叶ΦPSII和Fv/Fm亦显著提高;补灌深度加大至60 cm(灌水量87.5~105.4 cm)和80 cm(灌水量101.8~115.0 cm)时,这些指标无显著增加。与光合特性相关指标一致,籽粒产量也表现为补灌深度大于40 cm的3个处理间无显著差异,且与定量灌溉对照无显著差异,但都显著高于补灌深度20 cm处理。在本试验条件下,对0~40 cm土层实施测墒补灌,较定量灌溉减少用水26.9~46.9 mm,水分利用效率提高16.2%~16.7%,灌溉效益增加34.0%~68.1%,说明在类似生态条件下,中穗型小麦品种济麦22测墒补灌节水栽培技术的目标土层为0~40 cm。     

Comparison of Blood Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Two Kinds of Minipigs in Different Altitudes

This study was designed to compare the blood physiological and biochemical parameters between plateau Juema minipigs and plain Bama minipigs,and provide a theoretical basis for Juema minipigs served as experimental animals in the future.The blood samples of Juema minipigs were taken in Gannan,and the blood samples of the Bama minipigs were taken in Xi'an,24 blood physiological and biochemical parameters were tested using an automatic analyzer of blood cells and biochemistry.Between the plateau Juema minipigs and Bama minipigs,there were significant differences in PLT,RDW-CV and RDW-SD (P< 0.05) and extremely significant differences in RBC,HGB,HCT,MCH,MCMH,GGT,GLU and CRE (P< 0.01).The plateau Juema minipig had an altitude acclimatization,so it was better than Bama minipig in plateau medical science.     

苹小卷叶蛾在6个苹果品种上的发育与繁殖

为探索不同品种苹果对苹小卷叶蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响,在温度(26±1)℃、相对湿度(80±5)%、光周期L∶D=16 h∶8 h的室内条件下,测定了苹小卷叶蛾在小国光、大国光、红玉、祝光、红星和金帅上的发育历期、存活率和产卵量,并组建了其各自的生命周期表。结果显示,苹小卷叶蛾在6个品种上的发育历期差异显著,全世代发育历期以小国光最短(33.95 d),以红玉最长(39.76 d);平均单雌产卵量以红玉最高(107.24粒),小国光次之(85.00粒);而存活率则无显著差异。生命表参数中净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)和周限增长率(λ)均以小国光最高,世代平均周期(T)和种群加倍时间(Dt)以小国光最短,表明6种试验品种中小国光是苹小卷叶蛾最适宜的寄主品种。     

Effect of dietary graded levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol on growth performance,body composition and health aspects of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp,Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂

A 6‐month trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cottonseed meal (CSM) and free gossypol (FG) on allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio♀ × Cyprinus carpio♂ with 4 replicates of each treatment. Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated with the 0 g kg^?1 (control), 200 g kg^?1, 400 g kg^?1, and 560 g kg^?1 CSM. Diets with FG were made by supplementing batches of control diet with 214 mg kg^?1, 428 mg kg^?1, and 642 mg kg^?1. Weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio increased significantly up to an inclusion level of CSM of 400 g kg^?1 in the diet, with a significant decrease in food conversion ratio. Further increase in CSM to 560 g kg^?1 did not cause further changes in fish performance. Free gossypol did not affect fish performance significantly at any inclusion level. Neither CSM nor FG caused significant effects in any of the other evaluated parameters such as whole body composition, haemoglobin concentration, activities of serum lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and histology of hepatic tissues and midgut. Our results suggested that crucian carp can tolerate at least 642 mg kg^?1 FG and that it is safe to including 400 g kg^?1 CSM in crucian carp feed.